Inyandiko ya Dr Munyansanga Olivier, umwalimu muri PUR (Protestant University of Rwanda)

Impano karemano mu ndimi zimwe z’amahanga isobanurwa ko ari talent cyangwa italanto. Kuva kera imbere y’ivuka rya Yesu italanto zagereranywaga n’amafaranga.muri Bibiliya zivugwamo. Nyuma byaje guhinduka, biba impano cyangwa ubushobozi bwihariye bwa buri muntu. Akenshi ubwo bushobozi buharirwa abahanzi n’abandi bantu bakora ibirenze biruta iby’abandi.

Impano karemano itandukanye n’ubumenyi. Impano karemano urayivukana naho ubumenyi urabwiga cyangwa ukabwigishwa.

Impano karemano ni ubushobozi budasanzwe umwana avukana, bugatuma akora cyangwa ahanga udushya tw’umwihariko bitamusabye kwiga cyane, ibyo akoze bikagaragaramo ubuhanga buri hejuru.

Kugira ngo umubyeyi cyangwa umwalimu amenye impano y’umwana, bisaba kwitegereza ibintu umwana akora bikamushimisha, bikamworohera, kandi bikaba byagirira akamaro abandi. Umurimo ukomeye wa buri wese ni ukumenya iyo mpano karemano no kuyishakira amahirwe yo gukuzwa kugirango igirire akamaro abantu benshi.

Umubyeyi n’umwalimu mu bambere mu kuvumbura impano y’umwana

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ababyeyi b’umwana bashobora kuba mu bambere umwana areberaho kugira ngo ateze imbere impano ye izamubeshaho. Benshi mu banyempano bakomeye kw’isi bemeza ko ababyeyi babo babigizemo uruhare rukomeye. Ibi byemezwa na Kenneth A. Kiewra umwalimu muri kaminuza ya Nebraska muri Amerika.

Kumenya impano karemano yawe bisaba bwa mbere kwemera ko hari iyo buri muntu wese avukana. Hanyuma bigasaba kwitegereza neza byimbitse (observation) no gusesengura mu mutuzo mwinshi cyane imirimo, imyitwarire, imikino, n’ibindi byose umwana akora byaba ibyoroheje cyangwa ibikomeye mu mirebereho ye ya buri munsi. Kumenya ibyo akunda n’ibyo adakunda. Byumwihariko ku mwana, hari igihe impano ye isinzira bigasaba ko ikangurwa n’ababyeyi cyangwa abalimu. Ese ikintu umwana wawe yishimira  by’umwihariko n’iki?

Bisaba rero ubufatanye buhoraho kandi bukomeye hagati y’umubyeyi n’umwalimu kugira ngo ya mpano karemano itangiye kugaragara umwana ari muto ikuzwe, yongerererwe imbaraga n’ubushobozi. Harimo akazi gakomeye kagomba kwitabwaho. Impano karemano z’abana benshi ziragwingira kubera ko zititabwaho ngo zishakishwe hakiri kare, umuntu akazarinda yisazira zidakoreshejwe kuko zitavumbuwe ngo zimenyekane.

Ha umwana amahirwe yo gukina no gukora byinshi bitandukanye

Mu bihugu byateye imbere umwana ahabwa ibikinisho byinshi kandi bitandukanye, agahabwa amahirwe yo guhitamo. Umubyeyi cyangwa umwalimu bimufasha kureba no kubona ibyo akunda, bigatuma umwana ashobora kuvumbura impano afite. Urugero niba akunda umuziki, umubyeyi yakamuguriye ibikoresho bijyanye na muzika nka piano, guitare n’ibindi, kugira ngo uko abikoresha arusheho gukunda umuziki. Gusa hari ubwo usanga yiyumva muri byinshi, icyo gihe ahitirwamo icyo umubyeyi abona kizamugirira akamaro ariko gishingiye ku bumenyi asanzwe afite hanyuma we akazisanga akunda kimwe kurusha ibindi bitewe n’inama agenda ahabwa.

Impano karemano tuvuga hano ni ibintu umwana ashobora gukunda gukora atarabyize cyangwa ngo abitozwe, akabigiramo ubushobozi bugaragarira buri wese umubonye. Kugira impano ni byiza, ariko kugira ngo iyo mpano ikugirire akamaro, urabanza ukayishakisha ukayimenya. Hari uburyo butatu bwo kumenya impano y’umwana wawe :

1) Icyo umwana akunda gukora yishimye

Kureba neza icyo umwana wawe akora kikamunezeza buri munsi ntarambirwe, ntiyibuke ko amasaha yashize kuko ushobora gusanga ari cyo afitemo impano karemano. Gukina umukino runaka, gushushanya, gusoma, kwandika, kuririmba, gukanika, gusetsa, guhinga, kwubaka…. Bisaba kumwitegereza cyane kandi neza ari gukina, ukareba niba akunda gukina hamwe n’abandi cyangwa niba akunda kuba wenyine.

2) Icyo umwana akora neza nta bufasha cyangwa inama ahawe

Birasaba kwitegereza neza umwana wawe igihe cyose mu byo akora. Ukamufasha kugerageza gukora ibintu bishya no kwikosora igihe yibeshye. Umubyeyi cyangwa umwalimu agomba no kwitegereza ibikorwa akora ntawe asabye ubufasha kuko bishobora kugaragaza ko abifitemo impano n’ubumenyi karemano bikaba byazanamuviramo  umushinga munini wagutse.

3) Ibintu umwana ukunda kuvugaho cyangwa kuganiraho

Ubundi ibintu umwana akunda kuganiraho cyangwa kuvugaho igihe ari mu bandi na byo bishobora kugaragaza impano afite. Niba akunda kuvuga ubucuruzi bishobora kujyana no kuba ufite impano yo gukora ubucuruzi; niba akunda kuvuga amakuru bishobora kujyana no kuba ufite impano yo kuba umunyamakuru, niba akunda amatungo, ashobora kuba akunda ubworozi.

Mu bisanzwe abana bakunda kumva no kuganira ku bintu bibashimisha, bibaha ubumenyi, ndetse n’ibibafasha kwisanzura no kugaragaza amarangamutima yabo. Ibyo biganiro ni ingenzi mu mikurire yabo, mu mikorere y'ubwonko, no mu kubaka umubano mwiza hagati yabo n'ababyeyi. Abana bakunda ibiganiro bibaha agaciro, bikabahuza n’abandi, kandi bikabafasha kumenya no kurema. Bashimishwa no gusabana, kumva inkuru z’ibitangaza cyangwa iz’urwenya, ndetse no kuganira ku bintu bishya bibazengurutse kugira ngo bongere ubumenyi n'imitekerereze.

Kumenya impano y'umwana ni ingenzi kuko bifasha umubyeyi kuyikuza no kuyibyaza umusaruro bigatuma umwana akura neza mu bwenge no mu mitekerereze yubaka ejo heza yifitiye icyizere kandi yishimira cyane ibyo akora,

Igihe cyose abantu bavuze ngo uriya mwana ibintu runaka abikora neza, yakomereza aho…ndetse akumva n’izindi nama, agakomeza agafashwa kubona n’ubundi bumenyi bwo kunoza icyagaragaye ko akora neza. Umwana wawe akunda gukina iki? Ni ayahe masomo abonamo amanota menshi? Ni iki akunda kuvuga no kuganiraho? Impano iravumburwa, ikubakwa igakuzwa. Gukora akazi kubakiye ku mpano karemano yawe ni ibanga ry’umunezero wa buri munsi nk’uko Martin Seligman, umwalimu muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvanie muri Amerika abivuga mu gitabo cye yise La Fabrique du Bonheur.

Ibindi wa kwisomera

1)     REB, Ubugeni n’umuco mu mashuri y’inshuke <https://elearning.reb.rw/pluginfile.php/20070/mod_resource/content/1/Ubugeni%20n_umuco_TG.pdf>

2)      REB, Duturane mu mahoro <https://elearning.reb.rw/pluginfile.php/11455/mod_resource/content/1/amahoro.pdf>      

3)      REB, Kinyarwanda, <https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=326>    

4)     Xavier Cornette de Saint Cyr, Découvrir ses talents cachés, <https://editions-jouvence.com/wp-content/books-cover/K3923.pdf>

5)     Jean Marie Petitclerc,  Faire grandir les talents de l’enfant, < https://static.fnac-static.com/multimedia/editorial/pdf/9782728929788.pdf >

6)     Marguerite Chevreul, Ta vie est une mission Connaître ses talents pour trouver sa vocation personnelle, <https://www.furet.com/media/pdf/feuilletage/9/7/8/2/3/5/3/8/9782353897827.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOoqf6QMb2I1n9Pj_tlQZa3pqVRELs89kHtfwfN7wOEemywL0QbDR>     

7)     Jean Marie Petitclerc,  Faire grandir les talents de l’enfant,  <https://static.fnac-static.com/multimedia/editorial/pdf/9782728929788.pdf>    

8)     Uko wafasha umwana wawe kugira amanota meza <https://www.jw.org/rw/inyigisho-bibiliya/umuryango/uko-wafasha-umwana-wawe-kugira-amanota-meza/>                                              

9)     Sylidio Sebuharara, Urubyiruko rufite impano yo gushushanya no gukora ibibumbano rurasaba Leta kurwitaho <https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/urubyiruko-rufite-impano-yo-gushushanya-no-gukora-ibibumbano-rurasaba-leta-kurwitaho> 

10)  Ignace Dukuzimna, Dore uburyo wakoresha ukavumbura impano yawe maze ugatangira kuyikoresha  https://imirasiretv.com/dore-uburyo-wakoresha-ukavumbura-impano-yawe-maze-ugatangira-kuyikoresha/  

 Ibyo washingiraho uvumbura impano wifitemo ishobora kukugira umukire https://imbere.rw/2022/05/10/ibyo-washingiraho-uvumbura-impano-wifitemo-ishobora-kukugira-umukire/