Inzoga ni ikinyobwa kirimo alcohol (ethanol), n’ikinyobwa gikorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gutara, ibintu birimo isukari, ibinyamisogwe nk’imbuto ziryohera, ibigori, ingano, ibirayi, n’ibindi. Inzoga kandi ni ikinyobwa cyose gisembuye, cyaba ikigage, urwagwa, primus, amstel, waragi, whisky, kanyanga, divayi, inkangaza n’andi mazina menshi cyane…

Alcohol ni ikinyabutabire cyiyongera cyane iyo wa mutobe bawucaniriye ubundi alcohol igasohoka nk’umwuka bakonjesha ugahinduka alcohol isukika ifite ubukana buri hejuru. Alcohol ikoreshwa ahantu henshi hatandukanye: mu nganda, mu buvuzi ndetse no mu binyobwa bisindisha.

Amadini afite imyemerere itandukanye ku nzoga. Abayoboke ba Islam na Boudism ntabwo banywa inzoga kuko ituma umuntu atakaza kwigenzura no kwirinda, bakageza aho bavuga ko inzoga ari haram ikaba nyina w’amabi yose abaho nk’uko tubisoma muri Sounan Ibn-Majah, Hadith 3371. Ibihugu by’Abarabu nibyo bifite abaturage bake banywa inzoga. Mw’idini rya kiyahudi, divayi ifatwa nk’ikinyobwa kinezeza umutima w’umuntu. Muri Bibiliya umugabo witwa Nowa niwe wambere wanyoye inzoga arasinda. Abakurambere b’Abanyarwanda bo bakavuga ko inzoga ari imfura ikanyobwa n’imfura. Mu bitaramo no mu birori byinshi byabo inzoga zabaga zihari buri wese akanywa izo abashije. Ubundi bakibutsa abantu ko inzoga uyikura mu kibindi ikagukura mu bagabo cyangwa ngo ahari ibicuma ntihabura ibicumuro. Abagore n’abakobwa b’i Rwanda barayirindaga bakayinkwera mu bikari.

Ubushakashatsi buheruka bwa RBC muri 2023 bwerekana ko abanywi b’inzoga mu Rwanda ari hafi 49%. Icyo gihe intara y’Amajyaruguru ni yo yari iyoboye mu kugira umubare w’abaturage benshi banywa inzoga.  Umubare w’abapfa bazira ibinyobwa bisembuye ukomeza kwiyongera cyane haba mu Rwanda no kw’isi. Muri iyo mibare yose, abagabo bakaba ari bo bagaragaye ko ari benshi banywa inzoga ku buryo buhoraho kurusha abagore.

Amateka avuga ko inzoga zatangiye kwengwa (gukora) imyaka 11 000 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu (BCA). Abagiriki mu migani (mythology) yabo bari bafite imana y’inzoga yitwaga Dionysos. Yari izwiho gutuma abantu bishima cyane, bakabyina, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bakarenza urugero nk’igihe banyoye inzoga nyinshi. Hippocrate (460-370 BCA) azwiho kuba se w’ubuvuzi, kubera uruhare rukomeye yagize mu gutuma ubuvuzi buba ubumenyi bushingiye ku bushakashatsi aho gushingira ku myizerere ya kera cyangwa amarozi. Yakoreshaga cyane divayi mu gusukura ibikomere, kuko ifite ubushobozi bwo kwica udukoko tumwe na tumwe. Muganga Hippocrate yongeraga divayi mu miti y’ibimera kugira ngo agabanye ububabare mu nda no mu gifu no gutuma umurwayi yatuza agasinzira. Hippocrate ntiyigeze ashyigikira kunywa inzoga nyinshi cyangwa kuyikoresha mu myidagaduro ahubwo yayifashishaga nk’igikoresho cy’ubuvuzi bwitondewe.

Ibihugu byose byo kw’isi byashyizeho amategeko agenga ikoreshwa n’inyobwa ry’inzoga, hakaba n’ibindi byinshi byahagaritse ikoreshwa ryayo bikanahana ufashwe ari kuyinywa. Nko mu mwaka 1920 kugeza 1933 muri Amerika hafashwe ingamba zikarishye zo guhagarika gukora, kunywa no kugurisha inzoga. Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima (OMS) uvuga ko inzoga ifitanye isano n’indwara zirenze 200 kandi ukavuga ko nta rugero ruto ruriho  inzoga iyo ari yo yose yanyobwaho ntibitere ikibazo. Ibyiza ni ukiyireka burundu.

Ikibazo gikomeye kiri mu bihugu byinshi kitabonerwa igisubizo, ni ubusinzi no kubatwa n’inzoga bigateza umutekano muke, isenyuka ry’imiryango, impfu za hato na hato, impanuka, inkongi z’umuriro no kurohama. Ibyo bibazo byose biterwa nuko ubwonko buba bwakozweho n’inzoga. Ikintu cyose cyangiza ubwonko ni icyo kwirindwa. Alcohol igabanya umuvuduko w’ubwonko, igira ingaruka ku butumwa buhererekanywa hagati y’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko (neurons), gutekereza bikagenda buhoro, kwibuka bikagabanuka no gufata ibyemezo bikaba bibi. Inzoga zigira ingaruka ku bwonko ku rugero rumwe n’urumogi ndetse n’ibindi biyobyabwenge byose. Iyo ubwonko bumaze kurengwa n’inzoga ku kigero runaka, bizana izindi ngaruka zirimo gukora nabi, kugenda buhoro, kwibagirwa , amaso agatangira kubona nabi, gufata ibyemezo na byo bikagenda bigabanuka. Hakaziramo n’ibibazo by’ubukungu kuko ubwonko ntabwo butekereza neza ngo bube bwashobora gukemura ibibazo bijyanye no kuzamura umusaruro mu byo umuntu akora, kuko bisaba gutekereza cyane, ugafata ingamba, ugakurikirana kugira ngo zishyirwe mu bikorwa. Burya ngo iyo umwana anyoye inzoga ari munsi y’imyaka 25, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwonko kuko buba butarakura neza.

Leta y’uRwanda ikibazo cy’inzoga yagifatiye ingamba kugira ngo irinde ubuzima bw’abaturage. Bimwe mu byo yakoze ni ibi:                     

1) Ingingo ya 219 mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana y’u Rwanda, iteganya ko umuntu wese uha cyangwa ugurisha umwana inzoga cyangwa itabi, cyangwa umukoresha mu icuruzwa ryabyo, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano.

2) Leta y’u Rwanda yatangije ingamba zirimo ubukangurambaga bwa Tunyweless mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abanyarwanda kugabanya ingano y’inzoga banywa mu gihe bigaragazwa ko ari ikibazo gikura buri munsi.

3) Uretse abakozi babyemerewe, nta muntu wemerewe kuba ari aho bacururiza inzoga nyuma y’amasaha yo gufunga : Saa saba z’ijoro guhera kuwa mbere kugeza kuwa gatanu  na saa munani z’ijoro kuwa gatandatu no ku cyumweru

4) Ufashwe wese atwaye imodoka (cyangwa ikindi kinyabiziga) yanyoye inzoga mu Rwanda ahanwa n'amategeko agenga umutekano wo mu muhanda. 

Umujyi wa Kigali ku byapa byinshi wamanitse, uributsa abanyarwanda ko inzoga atari iy’abana, ko yica, ko igomba kunyobwa ku rugero, ugasaba abanyarwanda kunywa nkeya. Ubundi kutanywa no kureka inzoga ni bwo buryo bwonyine burinda ibyago n’ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa nayo. Umukuru w’igihugu na we yavuze ko ibisindisha bimunga ubukungu bw’umuryango, aho usanga hari ababona ubushobozi bwo kunywa inzoga z’umurengera nyamara ibikenewe mu rugo bijyanye n’amafunguro ntibibashe kuboneka uko bikwiye.

Ibindi wakwisomera

1)Mu myaka 10, abanywi b’inzoga bariyongereye mu Rwanda, <https://imvahonshya.co.rw/mu-myaka-10-abanywi-binzoga-bariyongereye-mu-rwanda/>

2)Anish Patel, Comment les humains ont utilisé l’alcool comme médicament à travers l’histoire,<https://drinktinto.com/fr-eu/blogs/wine-wisdom/alcohol-as-medicine?srsltid=AfmBOooXljgS4GUA56VUt1GDOMwH7H3cG6EajZ1eGMsfYS8h0CyWY6fv>

3) L'alcool et la médecine, <https://www.rtbf.be/article/l-alcool-et-la-medecine-9532401>

4) Alcool, <https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol>

5)Amabwiriza agenga ahakorerwa imyidagaduro, <https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Itanganzo.pdf>

6)No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health,